Camera



Feb. 25,1941. G KENDE TAL l 2,233,390

CAHERA Film vec. 15. 1938 e sheets-snee; 1

Mib". 2.

Y i EATTORNEY l Feb. v25, 194i.' l G. KENDS 'ETAL' 233390.

CAIBRA Filed Dec. 1s, 193e espana-sheet .2

ATTORNEY Feb. 25, 194.1.

G. KENDE: Erm.

CAMERA Filed Dec. 13, 1958 .6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Feb. 25,4 1941. @,'KEND'E E1- AL 2,233,390

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CAMERA Filed Dec. 13, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 G. KENDE ETAL CAMERA Feb. 25, 1941. 2,233,390

Filed Deo. 13. 1933 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 i' I MATVNQ Patented Feb. 25, 1941 assassin Universal Camera Corporation, New a eol'poltion of Delaware PATENT OFFICE 'cams AGeorge, Rende, New York, N. Y., and Philip J. Brownscombe, East Grange. N. '1., illwl'l t0 York, N. Y.,

Application December 13, 1938, Serial No. 245,424

This invention relates to cameras.

,27 Claims.

More particularly, our invention relates to improvements in camera constructions of the so-called candid type.' One of the objects of our invention is Ito provide an improved candidcamera construction of the character describedhaving novel combination illm winding and shutter spring winding mechanism, so designed that the release button cannot be effectively operated to actuate the shutter until the nlm has been advanced .the proper amount, and at the same time, the mechanism is so designed as to prevent overwinding.

Another object of our invention is to provide in an improved camera construction of the'character described, novel means for preventing double exposures.

Still another object of our invention is to provide, in a camera construction of the character described, improved means forcounting and indicating exposures.

A further object of our invention is to provide an improved camera construction of the character described having novel lens mounting and rfocusing means whereby the camera will at all times be in operative condition.

A stm further object or our invention is to provide an improved camera construction of the character described which shall comprise relatively few and simple parts, which shall be relatively inexpensive to manufacture and easy t assemble, andv which at the same time shallpossessa high degree of eiliciency in operation. Other objects of this invention will in part be obvious and in part hereinafter pointed out.

`Certain features shown and' described but not lclaimed in this application are shown, described and claimed in the co-pending applications for improvements in cameras of George Kende and Philip J. Brownscombe, Serial Nos. 204,102 and 204,103, ld April 25, 1938, and

Serial No.

334,204, led May 9, 1940, and of George Kende, Serial No. 177,884, led December 3, 1937.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction,'combinations of elements. and arrangement of -parts which will be exemplified in the construction hereinafter described, and of which the scope of application will beindicated in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which is shown one of the various possible embodiments of this invention,

Fig. 1 is a lfront elevational view of a camera constructed in accordance with this invention;

Fig.; is a top plan lview thereof;

(ci. ss-si) l Fig. 3 is a bottom plan view thereof; Fig. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line l-L of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2:

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 6 6 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 'l-l of Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken substantially on`the line 8 8 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 9 is al cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 9 9 of Fig. 8;

' Fig. 10 is a viewsimilar to Fig. 9 but with .additional mechanism illustrating the operation of the shutter;

Fig. llv is a cross-sectional view taken sub- Astantially o n the line Il-ll of Fig. 10:

Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line |2-l2 of Fig. 10; and

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary view of the mechanism shown in Fig. 10, but illustrating a different stage in the operation thereof.

Referring now inrdetail to the drawings, it will be seen that in .accordance with our invention we have provided an improved construction for the so-called candidi type bf camera, comprising a front casing part 20 and a rear casing part 2| interconnected by a suitable hinge member 22 to form a hollow box-like structure designedA to house the camera parts and the mechanilsm for the same, soon to be described in de- We have provided the following novel means for metering out the film F from the take-off spool 23 an'l'l rewinding thev saine on the take-up spool 24 after passing the light aperture 25 in the frame 20'flxedly attached to the front casing part 20. The aperture 25 is in optical alignment with a suitable lens supported in'a lens mounting 3l which will hereinafter be more fully described. Theirame 26.is substantially of, U-shaped cross-sectional contour and cbmprises a pair of parallel legs 20a and an inter-r connecting longitudinal portion 2ib. A part of the portion 2lb is longitudinally recessed to form a iilm track 21 designed to accommodate the film F, the aperture 25 being disposed in the same recessed part of the frame portion 2Gb. The frame- 2l is held in position within the camera casing by means of a rigid mounting member 3| provided with pairs of projectinglugs n and u. Each-ofthe lugs n is attached to opposite frame legs 20a by screws $4 while the lugs 43 are attached to the frame by the screws 3l.

'I'he pairs of lugs 32 and 33 serve to properly space the mounting member 3| with respect to the frame 20. Journaled in a part of the mounting member 4| is a shaft 4l (see Fig. 5) to which there is xed at one end thereof a bevel gear 4l. and at the other end thereof a pinion 40. I'he gears 39 and 4I are mounted for integral rotation with the shaft ll and are so positioned with respect to the member Il that axial movement of said shaft 34 is limited.

Mounted in the member ll and projecting outwardly therefrom is a stationary shaft 4| on which is rotatably mounted on collar 42, havingv fixed thereto, for rotation therewith. a gear 4l so disposed as to be in mesh with the pinion 40.

Mounted in the wall of the casing part 2l is a stationary shaft 44 on which is rotatably mounted a gear 4i. having in turn mounted on". the hub thereof i'or integral rotation therewith. a second gear 4I which` is so disposed as to be in mesh with the gear 43. The gear 4l is de signed to be in proper meshing position with a gear 41 mounted on the removable take-up spool 2i. The construction of the spool 22 may be of portion 2Gb .the `type'fully disclosed and described in our co-pending applications. Serial Nos. 204,102 and 204,103, nled April 25, 1938 for. improvements in Cameras.

Itis thus seen from the above description that when the shaft 3l is rotated. the wind-up spool 24 will be caused to rotate through the chain of gearing 4l, 4I, 4l, 4l and 41. The gear .41- is so mounted on the spool 24 as toprovide a friction slip drive connection between thesaid gear 41 and the spool. as disclosed in our said co-pending applications, Serial Nos. 204,102 and 204,103.

In order to conveniently rotate the shaft Il from the outside of the camera housing for the purpose of advancing the nlm 1", there is provided another shaft lll (see Figs. 6 and 1) disposed at right angles to the shaft 88 and having one end thereof journaled in a part of the member 49| while the other end thereof is journaled in a'plate Slnxed to the mounting member 3l by any suitable means such as, for example, the

screws l2. A portion "a of the shaft 5l is de signed to project freely through the wall of the casing part 29to the outside of the camera, such projecting portion 90a being screw-threaded and having threadedly attached thereto a knu'rled winding knob 55. Mounted on that portion of the shaft I9 disposed within the. camera is a combination gearmember Il having bevel teeth lla designed to mesh with the bevel gear I9 nxed to The nlm F employed in connection with our invention maybe cf the type having a column of uniformly spaced perforations disposed adja` cent one longitudinal edge thereof and in order to cause the lm F to unwind from the spool 2l and to be rewound on the spool 24 after passing through the film track 21, wehave provided a sprocket drive pinion 54 (s ee Fis. 5) iixedly mounted on the collar 42 forfintegral rotation therewith.l It is thus seen that when the knob il is turned, the bevel gear 53a willcause rotation ,of the shaft 38 which in turn will cause rotation of the sprocket 54. 'I'he sprocket 54 is so mounted thaty a portion thereof projects slightly through an opening 54 in the frame portion 24h adjacent the perforations in the nlm and' thus advances the nlm in a predetermined metered movement. A spring pressed pressure plate 51 mounted in Ithe casing part 2l serves to maintain the film F properly within the film track 21 so that it will pass closely adjacent the light aperture 25.

The nlm spools 2l and 24 may be suitably mounted in the camera casing such as, for example, in the manner fully disclosed in our copending applications, Serial Nos. 204,102 and 204,103. 1 The combination gear 4l. 46 is so designed with respect to the sprocket 54, that the nlm F will be pulled or advanced a distance equal to the amount of film length required to bring fresh unexposed film into position for each new successive picture taken.

The above described gearing mechanism is also designed so that the rotative speed of the spool gear 41 is always greater than the speed actually required for the rotation of the wind-up spool 24 so as to be in step with the rate at which the sprocket 44 feeds the nlm toward the spool. Therefore, the spool gear 41, rotating at a faster rate than the spool 24, establishes friction between itself and the spool and thereby maintains a tension on the film between the spool 24 and the sprocket I4. This tension insures firm, uniform winding-of the nlm on the wind-up spool 24. A pair of cradle springs Il and il ilxed to the casing part 20 serves to prevent the development ofr slack in the nlm as it is being unwound from the spool 23 and rewound on the naled in the plate il, as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings. It is noted that the axis ofthe shaft Il is parallel to the axis of the shaft l0. The construction of the shutter B9, its adjustment and method of operation are fully described in vthe co-pending applications, Serial No. 117,884. iiled December 3,' 1937, and Serial No.` 334,204. filed May 9, 1940, and comprises generally, a pair of overlapping plates relatively rotatably adjustable on a common axis to provide a desired shutter opening.

To cause automatic rotation of the shutter shaft Il and shutter 49 to make an exposure, a spring l2 is wound in a predetermined direction, in. this case, -a counter-clockwise direction, on a hollow shaft Il, which has mounted thereon for movement therewith, a gear 44 which is in mesh with the spur teeth of the combination gear portion Il mounted on Ithe shaft 50. The hollow shaft Il is hxed to the gear 84 for integral movement therewith. The shaft l! is mounted on the .shaft 65 which in turn is fixed to the shaft Si for integral rotation therewith, for any one shutter speed setting. Fixedly attached to the gear I4 forrotation therewith is a stop arm 68 having a projecting portion 56a, the said gear I4 and .stop arm il being fixed by a press fit up against -the shoulder a of the hollow shaft I3. One end of the spring l2 is received and held in an opening 41 which extends through the arm 8l and the Bear i4, willie the other end of the said spring 82 is anchored to a lug I8 of a stop disc retainer 99. The rotatable shutter is interconnected with the shaft Il by a shutter hub 1U which is keyed to the said shaft Il by a key 1I From the above description-vit is seen that when the `lm winding knob 65 is-turned in a clock- A wise direction, the gear 53 will drive the gear 84 movement because of a projection 82 on the xed to windthe spring 62 on the shaft 83. To prevent unwinding of the spring upon release of the knob 65, a coil spring 12 is provided which fits snugly around the shaft 99 and is interposed between the gear 53 and the plate 5|. The spring 12 is wound in a counter-clockwise direction and its end nearest the plate 5| is anchored to said plate 5|. free and unattached. When the shaft 59 is rotated in a clockwise direction, the frictional rubbing action of the shaft 59 on the inside surfaces of the coils of the spring 12 loosens thel spring coils slightly to ease the intensity of the springs grip, permitting the knob 55 to turn the shaft 59 in a clockwise direction to wind the shutter spring 62 as above described. However, when an attempt is made to turn the shaft 59 in a counter-clockwise direction, the spring coils 12 im- V mediately tighten and-gripthe shaft 59 iirmly. Since the spring 12 has one end thereof anchored to the plate 5|, rotation of the shaft 59 in a counter-clockwise direction is prevented. Thus, it is seen that when the shutter spring 62 is wound, it will stay Wound .until the shutter rev.

lease mechanism is rendered effective. The above described mechanism is so designed that suiiicient winding of the shutter spring 62 is ac' complished by one complete revolution of thegear 6l. The following mechanism is employed for limiting the amount of winding of the shu'tter spring 62 and for releasing the shutter 69 for eective action.

- The stop disc retainer 69 to which one end of the shutter spring 62 is anchored does not move during the winding operation of the spring 62 because it is xed to the shutter 69 by means of the member 19, and because the shutter is held against rotation by the following means. In Figs. 10, 11 and 12, the mechanism is shown in relation to the shutter in the position immediately before the exposure is to be made and after the spring 62 has been wound. The shutter 69 is normally prevented from movement in a counter-clockwise direction (the direction in which the shutter spring 62 is ldesigned to rotate the shutter) because of a projecting portion of a stop plate 16 being in contactive engagement with a release lever pin 18 xed to a release lever 89 which is pivotally mounted on the mounting member 3| by the pivot 8|. The plate 16 is rigidly fixed to the shutter 69 (see'Fig.= 9) by any suitable means, such as for example," by the rivets 11.

The shutter 69 is also prevented from clockwise stop plate 16 vwhich is designed to come in contact with avbent down projecting portion 83- of a pivoted stop link 8l.

The operation of the mechanism for making an exposure of the properly positioned film is as follows: A rocker arm 86 is provided which is freely rotatably mounted on a stationary shaft 86 fixthe. plate 5| (see Fig. 6). The rocker arm 8l is provided at one end thereof with an angular por-V tion 8la,-the extreme tip' of which is -ot 86 in a counter-clockwise direction by pressingdownwardly on the portion'b (see Fig; 5) oi' the said rocker arm. the projecting portion The opposite end of the spring 12 is 10 and 11. The spring 89 thus normally urges the release lever 89 to turn in a counter-clockwise direction. The clockwise rotational movement of the release lever 99 is limited by the pin 18 striking an abutment 9| on the -member 8|. The pin 18 being-rigidly fixed to the release lever 89 will be moved out of the path of the projection 16 on the plate 18, as shown by the dotted line position of the lever 89 in Fig. 10. The shutter spring 62, being in wound condition. will then automatically cause-the rshutter 69 to rotate ina counter-clockwise direction to expose the film.

When the shutter 69 has made 'a trifle less than one complete revolution, a ratchet pin 92 rigidly attached to the .shutter 69 is so positioned l that it will come in contact with 4a projecting portion 93a of the pawlmember $3 which is rotatably mounted about the pivot 94 fixed to the member 3|. The pawl 93 will then be caused to rotate in a clockwise direction against the action of the spring 95 arranged to normally urge the pawl torotate 'in a counterclockwise direction. One end of the spring 95 may be fixed to the pin 99, while the other end of the spring is attached to a projecting portion 93h of the paw] 93. Upon further rotation of the shutter 69, the pin 92 will moveout of contactive engagement with the pawl 93 which will .again be brought back to its normal position by the spring 95. The counter-clockwise rotational movement of the pawl 93 is limited by-an abutment portion 96 on the member 3|, cooperating with the pawl portion93b. lThe shutter 69 continues to rotate until the projection 82 on the plate 16 comes into contact with the projection 88 on the stop link 84, at which time the position of the parts are as shown in Fig. 13 of the drawings.

n this position, the shutter is prevented from rotational movement in one direction because the ratchet pin 92 will strike the pawl 93 and which, due to the abutting action of the'portions 96 and 93h cannot move out of the path of the Pin 92.

It is thus seen from the above description that movement of the shutter 69 is prevented both before and after exposure. The rocker arm 86 is designed to be operated from the outside of the camera by means ofl a push button |99 mounted in the casing part 29 for axial movement, and normally h eld out of contact with therocker arm portion 85h by means of a spring |9| housed in the opening |93 and having one end thereof abutting the bottom wall of the opening |93 and 'the other end thereof pressing up against the head |99a of the button |99,as shown in Fig. 5.-

A plunger 299 operatingin an opening 29| in. the camera casing part-29 is provided for edly held inposition between the member 3| and causing vmovement of the rocker arm I5 by the attachment of any suitable air .compression tube. The lower enlarged end 298s of the plunger 299 is adapted to rest upon the rocker arm portion 85h. The upper portion of the opening is screw threaded to receive alcorrespondingly threaded portion of the compression tube device. A l

nIn accordance with our invention, we have thus provided novel means for preventing double exposure. for the following reasons.

Figs. 9 and i0.)

When the push button is released, after having rotated the rocker arm Il in a counterclockwise direction as above described, the rocker arm I! and the release lever 80 return to their original position. If the push button |00 is again pushed down to remove the rocker arm Il. the shutter l0 will be prevented from rotating in the direction which the spring 02 normally tends to rotate it, because the projection 82 will be in abutting-relationship with the projection Il on the stop link Il.

In order` to place the camera in operative condition for taking a second exposure after the first exposure has been made as above described, the mechanism is so designed that the shutter spring 02 must rst be wound,'as will now be v explained.

The knob is turned in a clockwise direction to wind the shutter spring 02, and to simultaneousLv advance the nlm to the next frame, as hereinbefore described. A stop disc Ill having a projecting portion. I0! is freelymounted on the member 'I0 and is provided with a slot Ill. (See Engaging with the slot Ill is a pin I" mounted in the shutter hub 1I. The stop disc I can thus rotate freely with respect to the shutter l0 but is limited in movement by the pin Illland the slot Ill. It is noted that before the exposure is made, the stop arm portion a is in actual or approximate contact with the projection of the disc i, one end of the slot Ill being in contact with the pin I asin Figs. 9 and 10. After the exposure has been made, the projection Ill will be in contact with the stop arm a as shown by the dotted line position IBI' of the projection Ill. The slot I" and pin |00 will then be in the dotted line posi- Y tions Ill' and |00' respectively.

When the knob is turned to drive the gear ll, the stop arm I0, being rigidly attached to the said gear will rotate with it. When the stop armjl has been caused to make Ialmost one complete revolution ln a counter-clockwise ldirection, it will come into contact with the pro- Jection portion Ill of the stop link Il, as in Pig. 13, and upon continuedrotation of the stol.)v arm It. will thereby cause rotational movement of the link Il about its pivot Ill nxed to the member 2i in a clockwise direction to take up a position 0l shown in dotted lines. When the link Il is moved to its position 84', the projection Il will be moved out of the .path of the' projection l2 on the plate 10. The shutter Il will then be free to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction. However, the shutter 00 is still prevented from such rotational movement-by the abutting relationship of the projection 1I and the release lever pin 1I. It is also seen that the stop arm portion 86a will then come into contactive engagement with the projection Il! of the stop disc |04 and will have moved the projection |05 to the position |05 shown in dotted lines. Upon continued rotation of the knob 55,

a and the stop linkl M rotates back to its original position about the pivot I 00 due to the action of the spring IIO. The counter-clockwise rotational movement of the link I4 is limited by anv abutting portion of the member 3|.

A slightly further rotational movement of the arm portion 06a will bring it back to .itsl original position against the projection I 05 of the stop disc |04. It is noted that in this last named position, one end of theslot |01 will contact the pin |00 to prevent further rotational movement of the stop disc III.' Since, as previously explained, the 'shutter l0 la held against rotation by the pin 'Il and projection 15, the arm l0 cannot be rotated any further ln a counter-clockwise direction, which means that the wind knob Il cannot be turned any further, until another exposure-has been made. It is also seen that by the above described construction, it is not possible to wind for more than the correct length of nlm required for each exposure, and thereby cutting in half of pictures is prevented and at the same time, a `saving of nlm is effected.

While the above description relates to the operation ot the camera for taking instantaneous shots, it is understood that the mechanism hereinbefore described may also be suitably used in connection with the'taking of bulb or time exposures, as described and disclosed in our copending application, Serial No. 334,204, nled May 9,

Also, the mechanism employed for adjusting thel shutter speeds or shutter opening through a knob I I I rotatably mounted in the casing part 20 is i'ully described and disclosed in our said copending application, Serial No. 334,204nled May It is also notedthat in accordance with our invention, the shutter, speed adjusting mechanism is interrelated with the shutter wind and shutter actuating mechanism. Thus, it is clearly shown in Figs. 6 and 7 of the drawings where it is noted that the shutter speed knob Ill is fixed to a shaft 22Ifor rotation therewith. The shaft 220 is journaled in themember ll and the plate 5I. Mounted on the shaft 220 for rotation therewith is a gear 22I meshing with a gear 222 fixed to the shutter shaft II. The mechanism is so designed that the knob III is normally held against rotation by a resiliently mounted pin 222 received in an opening 22I'in the-,gear 222. When the knob is pressed inwardly, however, the pin 222 is withdrawn from the opening 224 and the gear 22I isV permitted to drive the gear 222 which causes re1- ative rotation between the two plates of the shutter Il to adjust the size ofthe opening, as more fully described and shown in our said co-pending application, Serial No. 334,204, tiled May 9, 1940. Inaccordance with our invention, the following mechanism, in cooperation with the film and shutter wind knob il, is provided for counting and indicating/the number of exposures taken.

Referring particularly to Figs. 6 and 7 of the drawings, itis noted that the knob 5l is provided with a ilanged portion H5 which is freely received on a portion of the knob 55 and is held by a spring I I8 in resilient frictional engagement up against a shoulder 55a of the knob 55. The spring IIB is fixed to the knob i5. The construction of the spring IIB is such that suflicient friction is provided to insure simultaneous rotation of the flange Ill with the knob 55. However, the ilange I II may also be turned independently of the knob 42, by exerting enough force to overcome the friction oi the spring I IE. To facilitate the independent turning of the flange H5, there is provided a plurality of circumferentially disposed projections II'I on the outer surface of the flange 'I Il. The outer surface of the flange is designed to serve as a counting dial, and is divided adjacent its periphery into a predeter' mined number of divisions, in this case, 36 equal spaces which are ldentledby a short line mark III adjacent the periphery (see Fig. l). While, as hereinbefore described, the gear Il maJkes one complete revolution each time the shutter spring aasaseo 02 is wound, the combination gear 53 is so designed as not tomake a complete revolution. 'I'his is accomplished by providing the gear 54 with 35 teeth and the gear portion 53 with 36 teeth. Thus for each complete revolution of the gear 05, the gear 53 makes 3%@ of a revolution. It will therefore be apparent that if of a revolution is lost by the gear 53 and consequently by the counting dial ||5 each time the gear 53, activated through the knob 55, turns through 3%@ of a revolution. Therefore, with each subsequent winding of the spring 02, the dial ||5 stops 1,9; of a revolution (or one space IIB on the dial) short of the point it stopped at after completion of the previous winding. A fixed mark |20 is provided on the camera casing so that markings ||"on the dial I5 will progressively align themselves one after the other with the xed mark |20.

The camera operator after loading the camera with film, first frictionally, with the aid of the. pins H1, moves the dial I until the zero mark' ing thereon is in register with the fixed mark on the casing. He is then kept informed as to how many pictures have been taken without peering through a colored glass at the back of the camera. Also by the above described construction, markings on the nlm necessary for cooperation with a colored window may be dispensed with.

In accordance with our invention'the following novel lens mounting assembly has been provided. Referring particularly to Figs. 4 and 3 of the drawings, it is seen that the lens assembly 30 is screwed tightly into an inner sleeve |50 to rest up against the shoulder |5|. Holes in the two projections of the sleeve |50 provide running nts for the inner sleeve posts |52 on which the inner sleeve |50 rides and which is movable into and out of the camera in an axial direction, while at the same time being held against axial rotation. -The sleeve posts |52 are permanently fixed to a mask plate |53 by the rivets |54. the said plate |53 being in turn rigidly fastened to the mounting member 3| by the screws |55. The mounting member 3| is firmly fixed to the camera casing part 20 by a screw threaded clamp ring |62 cooperating with a threaded portion |63 of the member 3|, projecting through an opening |84 in the casing part 20. The mask plate |53 is provided with an opening |58 in proper optical register with the light openingy 25 in the frame 26.

A middle sleeve |51 is provided which has a screw thread |58 cut on the inside diameter thereof meshing with the outside thread |59 of the inner sleeve |50, and a screw thread |60 cut on its 'outside diameter which mesheswith the thread cut in the inside diameter of the circular threaded portion IGI of the member 3|.

While a satisfactory construction has been made in which the threads |58 and |00-of the .middle sleeve |51 have the same pitch, it is understood that they may be of different pitch. However, whereas'thread |80 is a double lead thread cut right hand, the thread |58 is a quadruple lead thread cut left hand.

A focusing ring |55 is xedly attached to the middle sleeve 51 by any suitable attaching means such as, forrexample, dat head screws |65a (see Fig. 8)'. To facilitate the operation of the focusing ring |65, a knob |05 ls permanently Yfastened thereto by any suitable means, suchas therivet |61.

It is thus seen from the above description that when the focusing ring |65 is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction, the middle sleeve |51 will move in an axial direction out of the camera, and

the inner sleeve |53 will also move in the same direction along with the lens assembly 30 which is fixed to the inner sleeve |50. Because of the fact that the thread |60 has a double lead, and the thread |58 has a quadruple lead, the middle sleeve |51 when traveling one unit of distance will cause the inner sleeve |50, along with the lens assembly 30, to correspondingly travel two units or distance relative to the middle 'sleeve |51. Therefore, relative to the-'camera body, the lens assembly 30 has at the same time traveled .three units of distance.

The above. described mechanism is so designed that if the focusing ring |55 is turned one complete revolution in a counter-clockwise direction, the middle sleeve |51 will travel in an outwad'd direction with respect to the camera a distance of 1*; inch, and the inner sleeve |50, along with the lens assembly 30 will move in the same direction twice the distance of the movement of the middle sleeve |51 or a distance of 1A; inch. The total distance which thelens assembly 30 would travel outwardly with respect to the camera casing would then be the distance of travel of the middle sleeve |51 plus the distance of travel of sleeve |51 and the inner sleeve |50 will always be constant irrespective of the direction of rotational movement of the focusing ring |55.'

Coil springs |10 encircling the posts |52 and interposed between va shoulder |52a of the posts |53 and the inner sleeve |50 serve to maintain `a. good rubbing contact between all the threads in the above described amembly. Thus, no slack or objectionable play can develop in thethreaded joints, and accuracy of focus of the lens is thereby assured.

The outer surface of the focusing ring |65 may beprovided with suitable markings to indicate desired focal settings, designed to cooperate with a stationary line mark on the camera casing.

It will thus be seen that there is provided a device in which the several objects of this invention are achieved, and which is well adapted to meet the conditions of practical use.

As various possible `'embodiments might be made Vof the above invention, andas various changes might be made in the embodiments above set forth, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described our invention, we claim Y engaged in said nlm perforations, means actushutter spring, and means for normally rendering said shutterrspring ineffective after each exposure, and to remain inenective until said film advancing means is fully actuated.

2. In a camera of the character described adapted for use with a continuous strip'of film, the combination of a casing, a first shaft Journaled in saidcasing, a shutter mounted on said m'st shaft for rotation therewith, a hollow shaft 4surrounding said nrst shaft and rotatable relathe combination of a casing, a first shaft iournaled in said casing, a shutterl mounted on said first shaft for rotation therewith.I said shutter comprising a pair4 of members adaptedL normally to rotate as a unit, a 4hollow shaft surrounding said first shaft and rotatable relatively thereto, a spring having one end thereof fixed for rotation with said shutter and the other end thereof fixed for rotation with said hollow shaft, said spring when in wound condition being adapted to actuate said shutter, means for winding said spring, said winding means comprising a gear on said hollow shaft. means for causing rotation of said gear, a second gear mounted for, rotation with said first shaft, and means cooperating with said second gear for relatively rotating said shutter members to form a space therebetween adapted to serve as a shutter opening, said hollow shaft, said spring, said first gear and said second gearbeing concentric with said first shaft.

4. In a camera ofthe character described adapted for use with a continuous strip of film, the combination of a casing.' a first shaft jour- -nsled in said casing, a shutter mounted for rotational movement with said first shaft, said shutter comprising a pair of members adapted normally to rotate as a unit, a second shaft ooncentric with and surrounding said first shaft.. vsaid second shaft being rotatable relatively to said first shaft, a spring having one end thereof fixed for rotation with one of said shutter mem bers and the other end thereof fixed to said sec- 01nd shaft, said spring when in wound condition being adapted to actuate said shutter to rotate in one direction. meansv for winding said spring. said winding means comprising a gear on said Asecond shaft, manually rotatable means disposed outside of said casing for causing rotation of said second shaft gear, a` gear mounted on said first shaft. and meansincluding a third gear in mesh with said rst shaft gear for relatively rotating said shutter members to form a space therebetween adapted to serve as a shutter opening.

5. In a camera of the character described `adapted for use with a continuous strip of prforated nlm. the combination of a casing, a shaft mounted in said casing, l,a rotatable shutter' mounted onsaid shaft, a windable spring for causing rotational movement of said shutter, and, -means for simultaneously advancing said illm a predetermined amount and winding said shutter spring, said last named means-comprising a gear rotatable relativeivto said shutter shaft, said ated by said illm advancing means to wind said gear and said spring being concentric with and surrounding said shutter shaft.

6. In a camera of the character described adapted for use with a continuous strip of perforated film, the combination of a casing, a first shaft ,iournaled in said casing, a shutter mounted for rotation with said first shaft, a hollow shaft surrounding said first shaft and rotatable relatively thereto, a windable spring for causing rotational movement of said shutter, and means for simultaneously advancing said film a predetermined amount and winding said shutter spring, said last named means comprising a. gear on saidhollow shaft, said spring being concentric with and surrounding said hollow shaft and said first shaft. y

'7. In a camera of the character described adapted for use with a continuous strip of perforated film, the -`combination of a casing, a

shaft mounted in said casing, a rotatable shutter mounted on'said shaft, a windable spring for causing rotational movement of said shutter, means for simultaneously advancing said film a predetermined amount and winding said shutter spring, said last named means comprising a gear on said shutter shaft, a second shaft mounted in said casing, a gear mounted on said second shaft in mesh Withaid shutter shaft gear, manually operatable means disposed outside of said casing for causing rotation of said second shaft, and means for permittingrotational movement of said second shaft in one direction only to cause winding of said shutter spring in one direction only.

8. In a camera of the character described adapted for' use with a continuous strip of perforated film, the combination ofia casing, a. shaft mounted in said casing, a rotatable shutter mounted on said shaft, a windable spring for Icausing rotational movement of said shutter,

means for simultaneously advancing said film a predeterminedvamount and winding said shutter spring, said last named means comprisinga gear on said shutter shaft, a second shaft mounted in said casing, a gear mounted on said second shaft in mesh with said shutter shaft gear, manually operatable means disposed outside of said .casing for causing rotation ofl said second shaft,

and means for permitting rotational movement of said second shaft in one direction only to .means for simultaneously advancing said film a predetermined amount and winding said shutter spring, said last named means comprising a gear on said shutter shaft, a second shaft mounted in said casing, a second gear mounted on said second shaft in mesh with said shutter shaft gear, manually operatable means disposed outside of said casing for causing rotation of said second'shaft, and means for permitting rotational vmovement of said second shaft in one direction only -to cause winding of said shutter spring in onedirection only, said last named `means comprising a coil spring sunoundingsaid second shaft, said coil spring beingV interposed between said second gear and said casing.

10. In a camera of the character described portion, a third shaft vmounted on said casing,

6 causing rotational movement of said shutter,

means for simultaneously advancing said nlm a predetermined amount and winding said shutter spring, said last named means comprising a' gear on said shutter shaft, a second shaft mounted in said casing, a second gear mounted on said second shaft in mesh with said shutter shaft gear, manually operatable means disposed outside of said casing for causing rotation of said second shaft, and means for permitting rotational movement of said second shift in one dispring in one direction only, said last named means comprising a coilspring surrounding said second shaft, one end of said -coil spring being fixed to said casing and the other end of said coil spring being free and unattached.

11. In a cameraI of the character described adapted for use with a continuous strip of perforated film, the combination of a casing, a shaft mounted in said casing, a rotatable shutter mounted on said shaft, a windable spring'- for causing rotational movement ofsaid shutter, means for simultaneously advancing said film a predetermined amount and winding said shutter spring, said last named means comprising a gear on said shutter shaft, a second shaft mounted in said casing, a combination gear fixed to said second shaft for rotation therewith, said combination gear having a spur teeth portionmeshing with said shutter shaft gear, and a bevel teeth and a bevel gear fixed to said third shaft, in mesh with said combination gear bevel teeth.

12. In a camera of the character described 4 adapted for use with a continuous strip of perforated film, the combination of a casing, a shaft mounted in said casing, a rotatable shutter mounted on said shaft, a windable spring for causing rotational movement of said shutter, means for simultaneously advancing said nlm a predetermined amount and winding said shutter spring, said last named means comprising a gear on said shutter shaft, a second shaft mounted in saidcasing, a combination gear fixed tov 5 said second shaft for rotation therewith, said combination gear having a sput teeth portion meshing with said shutter shaft gear, and a bevel teeth portion, a third shaft mounted in said casing, and a bevel gear fixed to said thirdshaft in mesh with said combination gear bevel teeth,

said third shaft having mounted thereon forrotation therewith a pinion adapted to drive a sprocket wheel having teeth engaging in the perforations of said film to advance the same.

13. In a camera of the character described adapted for usewith a continuous strip of perfol rated film, the combination of a,4 casing, a shaft mounted in said casing, a rotatable. shutter 'mounted on said shaft, a windable spring for 65 causing rotational movement of, said shutter,

means for simultaneously advancing said film a predetermined amount and winding said shutter spring,- said last named means comprising a gear 70 on said shutter shaft, a second shaft mounted in said casing, a combination gear fixed to said second shaft for rotation therewith, said combination gear having a spur teeth portion meshing with said shutter shaft gear, and a bevel teeth portion, a third shaft mounted in said casing,` a

75 bevel gear, fixed to said third shaft in mesh with rection only to cause winding of said shutter said combination gear bevel teeth, said `third shaft having-mounted thereon for rotation therewith a pinion adapted to drivea sprocket wheel having teeth engaging in the perforations of said film to advance the same, and manual manipulatable means disposed outside of said casing for causing rotation of said second shaft.

14. In a camera of the character described adapted-for use with a continuous strip of perforated nlm, the combination of a casing, a shaft mounted in said casing, a rotatable shutter mounted on said shaft, a windablespring for causing rotational movement of said shutter, means for simultaneously advancing said lm a predetermined amount and' winding' said shutter spring, said last named means comprising a gear onsaid shutter shaft, a second shaft mounted in said casing, a combination gear fixed to said second shaft for rotation therewith, said combination gear having a spur teeth portion meshing with said shutterv shaft gear, and a bevel teeth portion, a third shaft mounted in said casing, a bevel gear fixed to said third shaft in mesh with said combination gear bevel teeth, said third shaft having mounted thereon for rotation therewith a pinion adapted to drive a sprocket wheel having teeth engaging in the `perforations of said film to advancethe same, and means for permitting rotation of said second shaft in one direction only.

15. In a camera of thei character described adapted for use with a co'ntinuous strip of perforated film, the combination of a casing, a shaft mounted Yin said casing, a rotatable shutter mounted on said shaft, a windable spring for causing' rotational movement of said shutter, means for simultaneously advancing said film a predetermined amount and winding said shutter spring, said last' namedmeans comprising a gear on said shutter shaft,a second shaft mounted in said casing, a combination gear fixed to said second shaft' for rotation therewith, said com- 4bination gear having a spur teeth portion mesh- .ing with said shutter shaft gear, and a bevel' teeth portion, a third shaft mounted in said casing, ai bevel gear fixed to said third shaft in mesh with said combination gear bevel teeth, said third shaft having mounted thereon for rotation therewith a pinion adapted to drive a sprocket Wheel having teeth engaging in the perforations of said film to advance the same, and means for permitting rotation of said second shaft in one direction only, said last named means comprising a coil spring encircling said second shaft.`

16. In a camera of the character described adapted for use with a continuous strip of film, thevcombination of a casing, a shaft mounted in said casing, a rotatable shutteron said shaft,l

a gear on said shaft, a windable spring adapted )when in wound condition to cause rotation movement of said shutter, means for simultaneously causing said film to be advanceda predetermined distance and said shutter' spring to be wound, said last named :means comprising means for automatically counting and successively indicating the number of times said film has been advanced, said counting and indicating means comprising a second shaft mounted in said casing, a gear on said second-shaft-in` mesh with said shutter shaft gear, said second shaft gear having one tooth more than said shutter shaft gear, whereby for each complete revolution of said shutter shaft gear the said s second shaft gear will .make Islightly less than one complete revolution, an indicating dial II mounted on said second shaft for rotation therewith, and means for frictionally rotating said dial with respect to said shaft, whereby to set the said dial back to a starting point `when a new supply of film is placed in the camera.

17. In a camera of the character described adapted for use with a continuous strip of film, the combination of a casing, a first shaft journaled in said casing, a shutter mounted for 'rosecond shaft, an arm fixed to said gear for rotal tion therewith, and means for causing rotation of said gear, said arm having a portion thereof disposed in the path of abutment to limit the rotation of said gear:

18. In a` camera of the'character described adapted for use with a continuous strip of perforated film, a casing, a frame mounted within said casing, said frame comprising a` light aperture and a film passagewaysurrounding said aperture, means comprising a rigid one-piece mounting member for holding said frame in posltion within said casing, said mounting member having a tubular portion in optical alignment with said light aperture, a shaft journaled in said mounting member, the axis of said shaft being at right angles to the optical axis, a spur gear nxedly mounted at one end of said shaft, and a bevel gear fixedly mounted at the other end of said shaft, said gearsv being so arranged with respect to said mounting member as to limit the axial movement of said shaft.

19. In a camera of the character described adapted for use with a continuous strip of perforated film, a casing, a frame mounted within said casing, said frame comprising a light aperjaperture. means comprising a `rigid one-piece mounting member for holding said frame in position within said casing.- said mounting member having a tubular portion in optical alignment with saidlight aperture. a shaft journaled in said mounting member, the axis of said shaft being at right angles tothe optical axis. a spur gear fixedly mounted at one end of said shaft, a bevel gear fixedly mounted at the other end of said shaft, said gears being so arranged .with

respect to said mounting member as to limit the axial movement of said shaft, and means for causing said film to be advanced through said passageway, said last named means comprising a second shaft rotatably supported by said mounting member, a bevel gear on said second said casing, said frame comprising a light aperture' and a film passageway surrounding said aperture, means comprising a rigid one-piece mounting member for holding said frame in po- 7.6 sition within said casing, said mounting member having a tubular portion in optical alignment with said light aperture, a shaft journaled in said mounting member, the axis of. said shaft being at right angles to the optical axis, a .spur4 'gear fixedly mounted at one end of said shaft, 7| a bevel gear fixedly mounted at the other end aasaao of said shaft, said gears being so arranged with respect to said mounting member as to 4limit the axial movement of said shaft, means for causing said film to be advanced through said passageway, said last named means comprising a second shaft rotatably supportedby said mounting member, a bevel gear on said second shaft in mesh with said first shaft bevel gear, and a sprocket wheel rotatably supported by said mounting member and adapted to be driven by said first shaft spur gear, whereby the sprocket wheel teeth engaging in the film perforations cause said film to be advanced.

2l. In a camera of the character described adapted for use with a strip of film, the combination of a casing, a shaft supported in said casing, a rotatable shutter mounted onsaid shaft, a windable spring for causing the rotation of said shutter in one direction only, a gear mounted on said shaft for rotation therewith, astop arm fixed to said gear to limit the rotation thereof, one end of said'springv being fixedly attached for integral movement with said shaft and the other end of said sprlngbeing fixed to said shutter, means for advancing the film, said film advancing means comprising a second gear meshing with said first gear to cause rotation of said shaft to thereby wind said spring, and means for preventing the unwinding of said spring, ex-

cept by the rotation of said shutter.

22. In a camera of the character described adapted for use with a strip of film, the combination of a casing, a shaft supported in said casing, a rotatableshutter mounted on said shaft, a windable spring .for causing the rota- Ition of said shutter in one direction only, a gear mounted on said shaft for rotation therewith, a stop arm fixed to said gear to limit the rotation thereof, one end of said spring being nxedly attached for integral movement with said shaft and the other end of said spring being fixed to 'said shutter, meansA for advancing the film, said 1,' film advancing means comprising a secondv gear ture and a film' passageway surrounding said meshing with said first gear to cause rotation pf said shaftto thereby wind said spring, means for preventing the unwinding of said spring, except by the rotation of said shutter, Aa. projection on said shutter, and a spring pressed pawl member niounted in said casing, a portion of said pawl member being normally disposed in the path of said shutter projection to resiliently cushion the stopping action of said shutter after an exposure has been made to thus prevent rebound of said shutter in a direction opposite to the direction of rotationof said shutter.

23. In a camera of the character described adapted for Yuse with a strip of film, the com bination of a casing, a shaft supported in said casing, a rotatable shutter mounted on said shaft, a windable springfor causingthe rotation of said shutter in one direction only, a gear mounted on said shaft for rotation therewith, a stop arm 'fixed to said gear to limit the rotation thereof, one end of said spring being fixedf 1y attached for integral movement with said .rotation of said shaft to thereby wind said spring, astop disc having a slotted aperture and projection thereon, said stop disc being relatively rotatable with respect to said shutter, a pin projection on said 'shutter operating in said slotted, lfaperture to limit vthe said relative rotational movement of the disc and shutter,v and means for preventing the unwinding of said spring, ex-

cept by the rotation of said shutter.

24. In a camera of the character described adapted foruse with a strip of film, the cornbination of a casing, a shaft supported in said casing, a rotatable shutter mounted on said shaft, a windable spring for causing the rotation of said shutter in one direction only, a gear mounted on 'said shaft for rotation therewith, a stop arm xed to said gear for rotation therewith, one end of said spring being fixedly attached for integral movement with said shaft and the other end of said spring being xed to said shutter, means for advancing the film, said iilm advancingmeans comprising a second gear meshing with said first gear to cause rotation of said shaft to thereby wind said spring, a stop disc havingv a slotted aperture and projection thereon, said stop disc being relatively rotatable with respect to said shutter, a pin projection on said shutter operating in said slotted aperture to limit the said relative rotational movement of the disc and shutter, means for preventing the unwinding of said spring, except by the rotation of said shutter, a link pivotally mounted in said casing so as to be normally in abutting relationship with said, shutter stop plate, said stop arm having a portion thereof adapted to contactively 30 engage said stop disc projection to cause rota.-

g tion of said stop disc Within the limits of said pin and slot operation, and said link being so disposed as to be moved out of lthe path .of the ment with said shaft and the other end of said spring being fixed to said shutter, means for advancing the film, said film advancing means comprising a second gear meshing with said first gear to cause rotation of said shaft to thereby wind said spring, means for preventing the unwinding of said spring except by the rotation of said shutter, means for holding the said shutter against rotation during the said spring winding operation, said last named means comprising a stop plate xed to said shutter, said stop plate having a projecting portion, a release lever pivotally mounted in said casing, said release lever having a projection thereon, resilient means for normally holding said release lever projection in contactive abutting relationship with said stop plate projection, and means for rendering said shutter holding means ineffective to thereby cause an exposure, said last named means comprising a rocker arm rotatably mounted in said casing, one end of said rocker arm being pro- 4 vided with a portion projectingly received in a shutter stop plate by said stop arm during such last named limited relative movement.

25. In a camera of the character described adapted for use with a strip of film, the combination of a casing, a shaft supported in said casing, a rotatable shutter mounted on said shaft, a 40'windable spring for causing the rotation of said shutter in one direction only, a gear mounted on said shaft`v for rotation therewith, one end of said spring being fixedly attachedfor integral movement with said shaft and the other end of 45 said spring being fixed to said shutter, means for advancing the lhlm, said film advancing means comprising a second gear meshing with said first gear to cause rotation of said shaft to thereby wind said spring, means for preventing the un- 50 winding of said spring, except by the rotation of said shutter, means for holding the said shutter against rotation during the said spring winding operation, said last named means comprising a e stop plate fixed to said shutter, said stop plate 55 having a. projecting portion, a release lever pivotally mounted in said casing,`said release lever having a projection thereon, and resilient means for normally holding said release lever projection in lcontactive abutting relationship 60 with said stop plate projection.

26. In a camera of the character described adapted for use with a strip of nlm, the combination of a casing. a shaft supported in said casing, a rotatable shutter mounted on said shaft, a l

65 windabie spring for causing therotation of said shutter Vin one direction only, a gear mounted on said shaft for rotation therewith, one end of said spring being fixedly attached for integral moveslot in said release lever, said rocker arm being so designed that rotational movement thereof in one direction will cause said release lever to pivotally move against the action of said resilient means, to thereby move said release lever proj ection out of the path of said stop plate projection.

27. In a camera of the character described adapted for use with a strip of mm, the combina.. tion of a casing, a shaft supported in said casing, arotatable shutter mounted on said shaft, a windable spring for causing the rotation of said shutter in one direction only, a gear mounted on said shaft for rotation therewith, one end of said spring being fixedly attached for integral movement with said shaft, and the other end of said spring being fixed to said shutter, means for advancing the nlm, said lm advancing means comprising a second gear meshing with said first gear to cause rotation of said shaft to' thereby wind said spring, means for preventing the unwlnding of said spring, except by the rotation of said shutter. means for holding the said shutter against rotation during the said spring winding operation, said last named means comprising a stop plate fixed to said shutter, said stop plate having a projecting portion, a release lever pivotally mounted in said casing, said release lever having a projection thereon, resilient means for normally holding said release lever projection in contactive abutting relationship with said stop plate projection, means for rendering said shutter holding means inefiectiveito thereby cause an exposure, said last namedlfmeans comprising a rocker armrotatably mounted in said casing. one end of said rocker arm being provided with a portion projectingly received in a slot in said release lever, said' rocker arm being so designed that rotational movement thereof in one direction will cause said release lever to pivotally move against the action ot said resilient means. to thereby move said release lever projection out of the path of said stop plate projection, and a push button operable from outside of said casing u to sctuste said rocker arm.A 4

f GEORGE RENDE.

' PHILIP J. BROWNSCOMBB. 

